First is «-trix» Best examples I can think of would be aviator/aviatrix and dominator/dominatrix. If they don’t, then they use the male noun for both genders. Idiomatic means that there is no firm grammar rule and you have to learn each one on a case-by-case basis. Does it always work like in the emperor and empress case, where the gender is somehow clearly distinct (at least for me) ? Is it always wrong to use, like, hunter for a female hunter too or sorcerer for a female sorcerer too and so on? Find the answer to your question by asking.
- Idiomatic means that there is no firm grammar rule and you have to learn each one on a case-by-case basis.
- The same term is also used for the person responsible for steering a spacecraft, either in the maritime sense (as seen in a lot of science-fiction, such as in Star Trek), or in the aviation sense (as used by the US government currently, as well as seen in science-fiction).
- Coordinating adjectives, which these are, should be separated by commas.
- If they don’t, then they use the male noun for both genders.
- The aviator took the controls and piloted the balloon through the storm.
- The aviator took the controls and navigated the balloon through the storm.
That having been said, I find a certain charm to gender specific terms. Note also that there is a tendency towards using one word for all genders. But for any given word, the only way to tell whether such a feminized version exists is to look it up in the dictionary.
What’s the difference between ‘aviator’ and ‘pilot’?
This includes at minimum the pilot and any co-pilots, but may also, depending on context, include any navigators, flight engineers, or any other flight crew responsible for actually operating the aircraft. An «aviator» is a member of the crew of an aircraft. The word «pilot» can also refer to a person who directs a ship or boat, or figuratively who directs anything. «The pilot» is the person in direct chrage of flying the aircraft. Aviator is now a more old fashioned term for pilot. An ‘aviator’ and a ‘pilot’ both refer to someone who can fly a plane.
Is there a rule by which a native speaker would create feminine forms? Is there a general rule how to create feminine words? I would leave out the redundant «got» and just say «I have long, straight, black hair.» Coordinating adjectives, which these are, should be separated by commas. No matter the order, it all adds up to «long straight black hair»
Are feminine nouns ending with -ess the only proper option for females?
As with most things in English, no, there isn’t a general rule. Personally I like the two comma version the best, of the ones given. If it would require an «and» to clarify the meaning, then a comma is needed. We cannot separate «mobile» from «phone» because the «mobile phone» forms a unit that «new» is modifying.
What is the type of movement of hot-air balloons called in English?
All of those directly responsible (in the air) for keeping an aircraft flying as intended.
Adjective order and commas with «hair»
It is, however, rare to hear people in the third category referred to as “aviators.” They meet the dictionary definition, and Wikipedia includes them, but in a separate list at the bottom of the page because they get in on a technicality. In most modern usage, ‘aviator’ is not typically heard much outside of academic settings, and is generally considered borderline archaic ‘Aviator’ is anybody operating an aircraft. I agree that «aviator» is a bit more old-fashioned. «A pilot» is a person qualified to assume such a role, or a person who frequently does so.
- The general rule is that commas should be used to separate two or more adjectives that independently modify a noun.
- The word «pilot» can also refer to a person who directs a ship or boat, or figuratively who directs anything.
- If the word ends in «-ter»then drop the -ter in favor of «-tress»
- An «aviator» is a member of the crew of an aircraft.
In such a simple, unambiguous sentence it’s almost more readable without the commas though. With or without the commas, it’s unambiguous and completely understandable. So in this case, the adjectives are NOT coordinate adjectives, and a comma should NOT be used. As for whether to use commas, and if using them, where to place them– If you mess with that word order in the slightest you’ll sound like a maniac.
So in terms of the word order alone, long straight black is fine. I think that whether or not the female -ess noun is used just depends on whether or not native speakers use that word frequently in the language. When we have a specifically feminine version of a noun which ends with the -ess suffix, like in huntress, sorceress, anchoress, etc. When it needs to be unambiguous, this sense is usually called an ‘aircraft pilot’, though it may be further qualified by the type of aircraft the pilot normally flies (for example ‘fighter pilot’, ‘cargo pilot’, or ‘bomber pilot’). There are a few other suffixes that indicate female gender but the rules of spelling get even more obscure. Some words in -er have feminine counterparts in -ress.1 And most words that end with -man can be feminized by changing it to -woman.
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But I’ve never heard feminine forms for writer, programmer, designer etc. So, generally the ending -ess means the feminine form. For example feminine from waiter is waitress, from actor – actress, etc. However, the use of the word «got» implies a more colloquial rendition, so I would not be totally against the non-comma version.
The -ment suffix is French, the -ion suffix is Latin, the -ing suffix is Germanic, and the -rix suffix is Celtic. See similar questions with these tags. I, personally, wouldn’t feminize any words that are gender neutral. The word actor aviator game pin up is a gender neutral word that defines an occupation.
It would not necessarily be incorrect to include one or two commas in this list of adjectives (as either «long, straight, black hair» or «long, straight black hair»), but in this particular situation, it is largely a matter of personal stylistic preference. There are a huge number of alternative noun phrases for this sense, based on what terminology is used for the spacecraft in question (for example ‘shuttle pilot’). This is because both «long», «straight», and «black» apply to the noun «hair» equally, regardless of order. In more technical terms, commas are used between two or more «coordinate» adjectives that modify the same noun–«co-ordinate» in that they equally/independently modify the noun. The general rule is that commas should be used to separate two or more adjectives that independently modify a noun. (1) Does the sentence still make sense if the word «and» is inserted between the two adjectives in question?
The sentence would still make sense if we switched it to either The aviator took the controls and navigated the balloon through the storm. The aviator took the controls and flew the balloon through the storm. There are a number of words you can choose here.
«The hair is black and straight, but also long»? «The hair is long and straight, but also black», The situation with long straight black hair is a little more complicated. Similarly, in the expression a Greek Orthodox priest, «Greek Orthodox» forms a unit that we cannot separate or change the order of; so no comma can be used between «Greek» and «Orthodox.» So here the adjectives are independently modifying the noun (that is to say, they are coordinate adjectives), which means that using a comma is correct. (2) Does the sentence still make sense if the order of the adjectives in question is switched?